Appraisal of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for quantitative traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

P M Sondarava; M B Patel; D J Parmar; T H Borkhatariya; J M Vadodariya; K M Akbari

doi:10.14719/tcb.7369

Authors

P M Sondarava Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6862-9831
M B Patel Main Maize Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Godhra 389 001, India https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9936-3782
D J Parmar Department of Agricultural Statistics, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110, India https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4957-6332
T H Borkhatariya Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110, India
J M Vadodariya Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4615-8738
K M Akbari Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 110, India https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9291-6424

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14719/tcb.7369

Keywords:

genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, maize, kernel yield

Abstract

Maize is a staple food crop globally, contributing significantly to food security. However, low productivity due to limited genetic understanding and inadequate exploitation of variability in genotypes remains a major challenge. This study aimed to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for kernel yield and related traits to identify potential genotypes for future breeding programs. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications, involving 238 diverse maize genotypes. Data on fourteen yield and yield-contributing traits were subjected to statistical analyses. Significant variation among genotypes was observed for all traits, indicating genetic diversity. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most traits, highlighting environmental influence. High GCV and PCV were recorded for kernels per row, cob weight and kernel yield per plant indicating substantial variability. Broad-sense heritability was highest for cobs per plant followed by kernel yield per plant, ear height and cob weight suggesting strong genetic control. Traits such as plant height, ear height and kernel yield per plant exhibited high heritability and genetic advance, indicating the predominance of additive gene action and suitability for selection. Genotypes IGI-19-26, IL-12-11, IL-14-39, NAI-105-5, IL-17-61, IL-14-80 and IGI-19-47 demonstrated superior yield performance, making them promising candidates for maize improvement programs. These findings provide critical insights for developing high-yielding maize varieties through targeted breeding strategies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Borkhatariya TH, Gohil DP, Sondarava PM, Patel R, Akbari KM. Character association and path coefficient analysis among diverse genotypes of forage maize (Zea mays L.). Biol Forum. 2022; 14(3):829-33.

Crafts-Brandner SJ, Salvucci ME. Sensitivity of photosynthesis in a C4 plant, maize, to heat stress. Plant Physiol. 2002; 129(4):1773-80. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.002170

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Statistical Database. 2020. http://faostat.fao.org.

DACNET (2020). Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Retrieved from https://eands.dacnet.nic.in/APY_96_To_06.htm.

Bhandari HR, Bhanu AN, Srivastava K, Singh MN, Shreya HA. Assessment of genetic diversity in crop plants-an overview. Adv Plants Agric Res. 2017;7(3):279-86. https://doi.org/10.15406/apar.2017.07.00255

Govindaraj M, Vetriventhan M, Srinivasan M. Importance of genetic diversity assessment in crop plants and its recent advances: an overview of its analytical perspectives. Genet Res Int. 2015; 431487. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/431487

Johnson HW, Robinson HF, Comstock RE. Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans. Agron J. 1955; (47): 314-18.

Panse VG, Sukhatme PV. Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Statistical methods for agricultural workers; 1954.

Burton GW. Quantitative inheritance in grasses Proc. 6th Grassland Congress; 1952.

Allard RW. Principles of plant breeding. John Willey and Sons. Inc. New York, 1960; 485.

R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. (Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing); 2021. https://www.r-project.org/.

Popat R, Patel R, Parmar D. Variability: genetic variability analysis for plant breeding research. R Package Version 0.1. 0. 2020.

Wickham H, Averick M, Bryan J, Chang W, McGowan LD, François R, et al. Welcome to the tidyverse. J. Open Source Softw. 2019; 4(43):1686. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686.

Wickham H, Wickham H. Getting Started with ggplot2. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer; 2016:11-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4

Devi B. Appraisal of genetic variability for different quantitative traits in kharif maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Electron J Plant Breed. 2020;11(02):713–15. https://doi.org/10.37992/2020.1102.117

Lal K, Kumar S, Singh SK, Singh M, Singh HC, Singh Y. Heritability and genetic advance estimates for certain quantitative traits in maize (Zea mays L.). J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2020; 9(3): 571-3.

Chethan KG, Nataraja S. Components of variances, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance among fifty indigenous maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines. Ecol Environ Conserv. 2021; 27 (May Suppl. Issue): S312-S317.

Deshmukh SN, Basu MS, Reddy PS. Genetic variability, character association and path coefficients of quantitative traits in Virginia bunch varieties of groundnut. Indian J Agric Sci. 1986; 56: 816-21.

Wedwessen T, Zeleke H. Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance estimates in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines. Int J Novel Res Life Sci. 2020; 7(2): 10-16.

Arunkumar B, Gangapp E, Ramesh S, Savithramma DL, Nagaraju N, Lokesha R. Genetic analysis for grain yield and its component traits in maize (Zea mays L.) in bred lines. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2020; 9(6): 816-19.

Lenka D, Lenka D, Tripathy SK. Assessment of genetic variability for morpho-economic traits in quality protein maize inbreds. J. Asian Agric. (Renamed as Indian J. AgriVet Res.). 2021; 1(3): 76-80.

Singh D, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kushwaha N, Mohanty TA, Kumari P. Genetic variability analysis of QPM (Zea mays L.) inbreds using morphological characters. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2020; 9(2): 328-38. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.042

Damtie Y, Assefa G, Mulualem T. Genetic variability, heritability, trait associations and path coefficient analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreed lines at Pawe Northwestern Ethiopia. Asian J Plant Sci Res. 2021; 11(2): 57-64.

Bartaula S, Panthi U, Timilsena K, Acharya SS, Shrestha J. Variability, heritability and genetic advance of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Res Agric Livest Fish. 2019 Sep 3; 6(2): 163-169.

Ochigbo AE, Igyuve TM, Ojo GO. Genetic variability and heritability estimate of Maize endosperms using full-sib recurrent selection scheme. Direct Res. J. Agric. and Food Sci. 2021;9:230-35.

Sukumar K, Hemalatha V, Reddy VN, Reddy SN, Chary DS. Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance estimates in quality protein maize (Zea mays L.). Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2020; 9(8): 4008-14. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.462

Islam S, Ferdausi A, Sweety AY, Das A, Ferdoush A, Haque MA. Morphological characterization and genetic diversity analyses of plant traits contributed to grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.). J Biosci Agric Res. 2020;25(1):2047-59. https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.250120

Wali MC. Genetic variability and divergence studies in maize (Zea mays L.). EC Agriculture. 2019; 5: 2014-15.

Bhadru D, Swarnalatha V, Mallaiah B, Sreelatha D, Kumar MV, Reddy ML. Study of genetic variability and diversity in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines. Curr J Appl Sci Technol. 2020 Dec 11; 39(38): 31-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3831093

Patil SM, Kumar K, Jakhar DS, Rai A, Borle UM, Singh P. Studies on variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation in maize (Zea mays L.). Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol. 2016; 9(6): 1103-08. https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-732X.2016.00139.X

Hosamani M, Kuchanur PH, Mahiboobsa M, Nadakarni SR. Genetic variability for yield and yield attributing traits in maize (Zea mays. L). J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018; 7(3): 1964-66.

Ahmed N, Chowdhury AK, Uddin MS, Rashad MM. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of exotic and local hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Asian J Med Biol Res. 2020 Apr 8; 6(1): 8-15.

Devi BR, Lal Ahamed M, Babu DR, Madhumathi T. Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance estimates in maize (Zea mays L.). The Andhra Agricultural Journal. 2017; 64(2): 335-38.

Appraisal of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for quantitative traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

Downloads

References

Downloads

Published

Issue

Section

License